OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as little resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or services). The relationship of operations management to senior management in commercial contexts can be compared to the relationship of line officers to the highest-level senior officers in military science. The highest-level officers shape the strategy and revise it over time, while the line officers make tactical decisions in support of carrying out the strategy. In business as in military affairs, the boundaries between levels are not always distinct; tactical information dynamically informs strategy, and individual people often move between roles over time.
Traditionally operations refer to the production of goods and/or services separately, although the distinction between these two main types of operations is increasingly difficult to make as manufacturers tend to merge product and service offerings. More generally, operations management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process. Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (through marketing) for optimal enterprise performance.
According to the U.S. Department of Education, operations management is the field concerned with managing and directing the physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization, particularly those relating to development, production, and manufacturing. Operations management programs typically include instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance management, production control, industrial labor relations and skilled trades supervision, strategic manufacturing policy, systems analysis, productivity analysis and cost control, and materials planning. Management, including operations management, is like engineering in that it blends art with applied science. People skills, creativity, rational analysis, and knowledge of technology are all required for success.
Final Project - Y042
A. Categorías lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Identificación de palabras que no se conocen su significado: Uso del diccionario… agrega las abreviaciones (al menos 5 palabras).
· Overseeing: Supervisar. v (t). (Verbo Transitivo).
· Increasingly: Crecientemente. Adv. (Adverbio).
· Enterprise: Empresa. n (c). (Noun Countable).
· Affair: Asunto. n (c). (Noun Countable).
· Boundaries: Límite. n (c). (Noun Countable).
2. Tiempos verbales (selecciona 1 ejemplo para cada tiempo verbal presente en el texto).
· Presente Simple: (Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services).
· Verbo Modal “Can”: The relationship of operations management to senior management in commercial contexts can be compared to the relationship of line officers to the highest-level senior officers in military science.
· Verbo Modal “Should”: Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (through marketing) for optimal enterprise performance.
3. Idea principal del texto (en español):
R: La administración de operaciones es un área de gestión relacionadas con la supervisión, el diseño y el rediseño de las operaciones comerciales en la producción de bienes y / o servicios. Se trata de la responsabilidad de garantizar que las operaciones de negocios son eficientes en términos de la utilización de pocos recursos como sea necesario, y eficaz en términos de requisitos de los clientes. Se refiere a la gestión del proceso que convierte los insumos (en las formas de los materiales, mano de obra y energía) en productos (en forma de bienes y / o servicios). La relación de la gestión de las operaciones a la alta dirección en contextos comerciales se puede comparar con la relación de los funcionarios de línea a los altos funcionarios de más alto nivel en la ciencia militar. Los oficiales de más alto nivel de forma a la estrategia y revisar lo largo del tiempo, mientras que los oficiales de línea de tomar decisiones tácticas en apoyo de la realización de la estrategia. En los negocios como en asuntos militares, los límites entre los niveles no son siempre distintos, la información táctica dinámica informa la estrategia, y las personas individuales se mueven a menudo entre las funciones a través del tiempo.
4. Categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría):
· Palabras de Contenido: Affair, Boundaries.
· Palabras de Función: The, To.
· Verbos: Overseeing, Is.
· Adverbio: Tradicionally, Dynamically.
· Adjetivo: Little, Military.
· Artículo: The, An.
· Preposiciones: Between, Of.
· Conjunción: And, Or.
· Cognados Verdaderos: Operations, Materials.
· Cognados Falsos: Success.
· Sufijos: Designing, Generally.
· Prefijos: (in) creasingly, (re) quirements.
A. Estructura de la oración: (3 ejemplos) (Selecciona uno o dos párrafos de un artículo relacionado a tu área de experticia).
1. Oración 1:
Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services.
· Frase Nominal: Operations management.
· Núcleo de la frase nominal: Management.
· Pre modificadores: Operations.
· Post modificadores:
· Frase verbal: is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services.
· Núcleo de la frase verbal: is.
· Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple.
2. Oración 2:
More generally, operations management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process.
· Frase Nominal: More generally, operations management aims to
· Núcleo de la frase nominal: Operations management
· Pre modificadores: More generally,
· Post modificadores: aims to
· Frase verbal: increase the content of value-added activities in any given process.
· Núcleo de la frase verbal: increase.
· Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple.
3. Oración 3:
People skills, creativity, rational analysis, and knowledge of technology are all required for success.
· Frase Nominal: People skills, creativity, rational analysis, and knowledge of technology
· Núcleo de la frase nominal: skills, creativity, rational analysis, and knowledge of technology
· Pre modificadores: People
· Post modificadores:
· Frase verbal: are all required for success.
· Núcleo de la frase verbal: are.
· Tiempo Verbal: Presente simple.
A. Estrategias de lectura:
PREDICCIÓN, DEDUCCIÓN Y SKIMMING.
· De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿Cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
R: Sobre un artículo acerca de la gestión de operaciones en las organizaciones.
· ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
R: Explicar de qué se trata la gestión de operaciones, cuales son las áreas dentro de la organización relacionadas con ella, y cuál es el papel de la gestión de operaciones con la alta dirección.
· ¿Qué palabras se repiten?
R: Operations, Management, Production, Business, Services, Manufacturing.
· ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
R: Operations management, Optimizing, Changing, Supporting, Operating.
· ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o las ultimas ideas del último párrafo.
R: El texto trata sobre la gestión de operaciones a nivel organizacional. Explica que la administración de operaciones es un área de gestión relacionada con la supervisión, el diseño y el rediseño de las operaciones comerciales en la producción de bienes y⁄o servicios. Se trata de la responsabilidad de garantizar que las operaciones de negocios son eficientes en términos de la utilización de pocos recursos como sea necesario, y eficaz en términos de requisitos de los clientes. Se refiere a la gestión del proceso que convierte los insumos (en las formas de los materiales, mano de obra y energía) en productos (en forma de bienes y⁄o servicios.
SCANNING.
William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was an American statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and consultant. He is perhaps best known for his work in Japan. There, from 1950 onward, he taught top management how to improve design (and thus service), product quality, testing and sales (the last through global markets), through various methods, including the application of statistical methods.
Deming made a significant contribution to Japan's later reputation for innovative high-quality products and its economic power. He is regarded as having had more impact upon Japanese manufacturing and business than any other individual not of Japanese heritage. Despite being considered something of a hero in Japan, he was only just beginning to win widespread recognition in the U.S. at the time of his death.
Dr. Deming's teachings and philosophy can be seen through the results they produced when they were adopted by Japanese industry, as the following example shows: Ford Motor Company was simultaneously manufacturing a car model with transmissions made in Japan and the United States. Soon after the car model was on the market, Ford customers were requesting the model with Japanese transmission over the USA-made transmission, and they were willing to wait for the Japanese model. As both transmissions were made to the same specifications, Ford engineers could not understand the customer preference for the model with Japanese transmission. Finally, Ford engineers decided to take apart the two different transmissions. The American-made car parts were all within specified tolerance levels. On the other hand, the Japanese car parts were virtually identical to each other, and much closer to the nominal values for the parts - e.g., if a part were supposed to be one foot long, plus or minus 1/8 of an inch - then the Japanese parts were within 1/16 of an inch. This made the Japanese cars run more smoothly and customers experienced fewer problems. Engineers at Ford could not understand how this was done, until they met Deming.
Deming received a BSc in electrical engineering from the University of Wyoming at Laramie (1921), an M.S. from the University of Colorado (1925), and a Ph.D. from Yale University (1928). Both graduate degrees were in mathematics and physics. Deming had an internship at Bell Telephone Laboratories while studying at Yale. He later worked at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Census Department. While working under Gen. Douglas MacArthur as a census consultant to the Japanese government, he famously taught statistical process control methods to Japanese business leaders, returning to Japan for many years to consult and to witness economic growth that he had predicted would come as a result of application of techniques learned from Walter Shewhart at Bell Laboratories. Later, he became a professor at New York University while engaged as an independent consultant in Washington, D.C.
Deming was the author of Out of the Crisis (1982–1986) and The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education (1993), which includes his System of Profound Knowledge and the 14 Points for Management (described below). Deming played flute & drums and composed music throughout his life, including sacred choral compositions and an arrangement of The Star Spangled Banner.
In 1993, Deming founded the W. Edwards Deming Institute in Washington, D.C., where the Deming Collection at the U.S. Library of Congress includes an extensive audiotape and videotape archive. The aim of the W. Edwards Deming Institute is to foster understanding of The Deming System of Profound Knowledge to advance commerce, prosperity, and peace.
· ¿Cuándo nació y murió William Edwards Deming?
R: William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993).
· ¿ Cuál fue su profesión?
R: He was an American statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and consultant.
· ¿Cuáles fueron los títulos otorgados a Deming durante su vida?
R: Deming received a BSc in electrical engineering from the University of Wyoming at Laramie (1921), an M.S. from the University of Colorado (1925), and a Ph.D. from Yale University (1928). Both graduate degrees were in mathematics and physics.
· ¿Cuáles fueron algunos de los triunfos de Deming a lo largo de su carrera?
R: Deming was the author of Out of the Crisis (1982–1986) and The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education (1993), which includes his System of Profound Knowledge and the 14 Points for Management. In 1993, Deming founded the W. Edwards Deming Institute in Washington, D.C. The aim of the W. Edwards Deming Institute is to foster understanding of The Deming System of Profound Knowledge to advance commerce, prosperity, and peace.
A. Patrones de organización de un párrafo:
· Marcador de Definición: is.
· Definición: He is regarded as having had more impact upon Japanese manufacturing and business than any other individual not of Japanese heritage.
· Marcador de Definición: is.
· Definición: The aim of the W. Edwards Deming Institute is to foster understanding of The Deming System of Profound Knowledge to advance commerce, prosperity, and peace.
· Marcador de Tiempo: (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993)
In 1921
In 1925
In 1928
(1982–1986)
In 1993
· Marcador de Secuencia: While
Later
Soon After
Finally
