Unidad 4.- Patrones de organización de un párrafo.

A.   Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia.

·      Lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

   BlackBerry is a line of mobile e-mail and Smartphone devices developed and designed by Canadian company Research in Motion (RIM) since 1999.

   BlackBerry functions as a personal digital assistant with address book, calendar, memopad, and task list capabilities. It also functions as a portable media player with support for music and video playback and camera and video capabilities. BlackBerry is primarily known for its ability to send and receive (push) Internet e-mail wherever mobile network service coverage is present, or through Wi-Fi connectivity. BlackBerry phones possess a large array of messaging features, including auto-text, auto-correct, text prediction, support for many languages, keyboard shortcuts, text emoticons, and push notifications for many systems including email, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and EBay; push instant messaging via BlackBerry Messenger, Google Talk, ICQ, Windows Live Messenger, AOL Instant Messenger and Yahoo Messenger; threaded text messaging and a customizable indicator light near the top right of all BlackBerry devices. All notifications and conversations from applications are shown in a unified messaging application which third party applications can access. All data on the phone is compressed through BlackBerry Internet Service (BIS).

·       Marcador de Definición: is.

·       Definición: BlackBerry is a line of mobile e-mail and Smartphone devices developed and designed by Canadian company Research in Motion (RIM) since 1999.

·     Marcador de Definición: is.

·       Definición: BlackBerry is primarily known for its ability to send and receive (push) Internet e-mail wherever mobile network service coverage is present, or through Wi-Fi connectivity.

·    Marcador de Definición: are.

·       Definición: All notifications and conversations from applications are shown in a unified messaging application which third party applications can access.

B.  Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las  palabras claves, diga si son de instrucciones, o de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.

   The first BlackBerry device, the 850, was introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager. In 2002, the more commonly known Smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, Internet faxing, Web browsing and other wireless information services. It is an example of a convergence (telecommunications)convergent device. The original BlackBerry devices, the RIM 850 and 857, used the DataTac network.

   BlackBerry first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating on e-mail. RIM currently offers BlackBerry e-mail service to non-BlackBerry devices, such as the Palm Treo, through its BlackBerry Connect software.

   The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays. All models except for the Storm Series had a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for "thumbing", the use of only the thumbs to type. The Storm 1 and Storm 2 include a SureType keypad for typing, and are the two models that are full touch-screen devices with no physical keyboard. Originally, system navigation was achieved with the use of a scroll wheel mounted on the right side of phones prior to the 8700. The trackwheel was replaced by the trackball with the introduction of the Pearl series which allowed for 4 way scrolling. The trackball was replaced by the optical trackpad with the introduction of the Curve 8500 series. Models manufactured for use with IDEN networks such as Nextel and Mike also incorporate a push-to-talk (PTT) feature, similar to a two-way radio.

·      Marcador de Tiempo: Introduced in 1999, In 2002, first.

·       Tipo de Texto: De secuencia de tiempo.

·       Idea general del párrafo: The text is about the first blackberry device who was introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager. In 2002, the more commonly known Smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, Internet faxing, Web browsing and other wireless information services. It is an example of a convergence (telecommunications) convergent device. The original BlackBerry devices, the RIM 850 and 857, used the DataTac network.

Taller Unidades 1 y 2.

Parte A.

 1-. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés. Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. Agrega las abreviaciones.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

   Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering dealing with the optimization of complex processes or systems. It is concerned with the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis and synthesis, as well as the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems or processes. Its underlying concepts overlap considerably with certain business-oriented disciplines such as Operations Management, but the engineering side tends to emphasize extensive mathematical proficiency and usage of quantitative methods.

   Depending on the sub-speciality (ies) involved, industrial engineering may also be known as operations management, management science, operations research, systems engineering, or manufacturing engineering, usually depending on the viewpoint or motives of the user. Educational establishments use the names to differentiate themselves from others. In health care, industrial engineers are more commonly known as health management engineers or health systems engineers.

   While the term originally applied to manufacturing, the use of "industrial" in "industrial engineering" can be somewhat misleading, since it has grown to encompass any methodical or quantitative approach to optimizing how a process, system, or organization operates. Some engineering universities and educational agencies around the world have changed the term “industrial” to the broader term “production”, leading to the typical extensions noted above. In fact, the primary U.S. professional organization for Industrial Engineers, the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE) has been considering changing its name to something broader (such as the Institute of Industrial & Systems Engineers), although the latest vote among membership deemed this unnecessary for the time being.

Palabras Desconocidas.

·         Underlying: Subyacente. Adj. (Adjetivo).

·         Overlap: Solapar. Vi. (Verbo Intransitivo).

·         Misleading: Engañoso (a). Adj. (Adjetivo).

2-. Idea principal del texto. (En español).

   Ingeniería Industrial es una rama de la ingeniería que se ocupa de la optimización de los procesos o sistemas complejos. Tiene que ver con el desarrollo, mejoramiento, implementación y evaluación de sistemas integrados de personas, dinero, conocimiento, información, equipamiento, energía, materiales, análisis y síntesis, así como las ciencias matemáticas, físicas y sociales junto con los principios y métodos del diseño de ingeniería para especificar, predecir y evaluar los resultados que se obtengan de tales sistemas o procesos. Sus conceptos subyacentes se superponen considerablemente con ciertas disciplinas orientadas a los negocios, tales como Gestión de Operaciones, pero la parte de ingeniería tiende a enfatizar la competencia matemática y el uso extensivo de los métodos cuantitativos.

3-. Categorías Lexicales: ( 2 ejemplos por categoría).

·         Palabras de contenido: Branch, Knowledge.

·         Palabras de Función: For, Of.

·         Verbos: Overlap, Have.

·         Adverbio: Commonly, Originally.

·         Adjetivo: Industrial,  Misleading.

·         Artículo: The, A

·         Preposiciones: For, To.

·         Conjunción: And, Or.

·         Cognados verdaderos: Industrial, Optimization.

·         cognados Falsos:

·         Sufijo: Engineering, Usually.

·         Prefijos: (Sub)-speciality, (Mis) leading.

Parte B.

1.    - Estructura de la oración: (2 ejemplos).

Oración 1:

Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering dealing with the optimization of complex processes or systems.

·         Frase nominal: Industrial engineering

·         Núcleo de la frase nominal: Engineering.

·         pre modificadores: Industrial.          

·         post modificadores:

·         Frase verbal: is a branch of engineering dealing with the optimization of complex processes or systems.

·         Núcleo de la frase verbal: is.

·         Tiempo verbal: Presente Simple.

Oración 2:

Educational establishments use the names to differentiate themselves from others.

·         Frase nominal: Educational establishments

·         Núcleo de la frase nominal: Establishments

·         pre modificadores: Educational

·         post modificadores:

·         Frase verbal: use the names to differentiate themselves from others.

·         Núcleo de la frase verbal: use

·         Tiempo verbal: Presente Simple.

Unidad 3.- Aproximación al Texto.

TWO AND A HALF MEN

   Two and a Half Men is an American television comedy series which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2003. Starring Charlie Sheen, John Cryer, and Angus T. Jones, the show is about a hedonistic jingle writer, Charlie; his uptight brother, Alan; and Alan's growing son, Jake. Charlie's free-wheeling life is complicated and altered when his brother gets divorced and moves, along with his son, into Charlie's beach-front Malibu house. In 2011, a news article in New York Times called it "the biggest hit comedy of the past decade."

   The show has ranked among the Top 20 programs every season since it first aired. In 2010, CBS and Warner Bros. Television reached a multi-year broadcast agreement for the series, renewing it through at least the 2011–12 season.There have been eight seasons of Two and a Half Men and one additional season was to come. However, CBS and Warner Bros. have decided to end production for the rest of the eighth season due to Sheen entering drug rehab and making disparaging comments about the show's executive producer. Sheen was fired from the show on March 7, 2011, however, the network and studio have yet to announce a decision on the show's future.

PREDICCIÓN, DEDUCCIÓN Y SKIMMING.

• De acuerdo al titulo y la imagen, ¿Cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

R: Sobre una serie llamada Two and a half men, dond actúan por lo q dice el titulo 2 hombres y un niño.

• ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?

R: Explicar de que trata la serie, del papel que interpreta cada actor dentro de la misma y de su evolución a través de las distintas temporadas.

• ¿Qué palabras se repiten?

R: Season, Charlie, Show, For, His, It, Is.

• ¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?

R: American, Television, Comedy, Series, Divorced, Decade, Complicated, Production, Decision.

• ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?

R: Two and a half men, Series, Comedy, Show, American Television.

• ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o las últimas ideas del último parrafo.

R:  Two and a Half Men (Dos hombres y medio en español) es una comedia de situación (sitcom) estadounidense, protagonizada por Charlie Sheen, Jon Cryer y Angus T. Jones. Ellos interpretan, respectivamente, a Charlie Harper, un soltero sin riendas con una vida de lujos y excesos, Alan Harper, el neurótico y estructurado hermano de Charlie, y Jake, el hijo de Alan. La historia comienza con la llegada de Alan y Jake a la casa de Charlie, tras el divorcio del primero con su esposa Judith. Lo que se supone, sería una "estancia de una semana", se convierte en una "convivencia permanente". Esto permitirá que Charlie y su sobrino construyan un "enlace insospechado" entre ellos. La serie ha estado nominada 7 veces al Prime time Emmy ganándolo en cuatro ocasiones. Actualmente la serie se encontraba en su octava temporada en Estados Unidos, sin embargo, CBS decidió terminar la producción de la temporada por el resto del 2011 y despedir al actor Charlie Sheen, reduciéndola a solo 16 episodios, debido a los comentarios y la condición del actor.

SCANNING.

  Carlos Irwin Estevez (born September 3, 1965), better known by his stage name Charlie Sheen, is an American film and television actor. He is the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen.

   His character roles in films have included Chris Taylor in the 1986 Vietnam War drama Platoon, Jake Kesey in the 1986 film The Wraith, and Bud Fox in the 1987 film Wall Street. His career has also included more comedic films such as Major League, the Hot Shots! films, and Scary Movie 3 and 4. On television, Sheen is known for his roles on two sitcoms: as Charlie Crawford on Spin City and as Charlie Harper on Two and a Half Men. In 2010, Sheen was the highest paid actor on television, earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men. Sheen's personal life has also made headlines, including reports about alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems as well as allegations of domestic violence. He was fired from his role on Two and a Half Men by CBS and Warner Bros. on March 7, 2011. Sheen subsequently announced a nationwide tour.

• ¿Dónde y cuando nació Charlie Sheen?

R: In New York city, September 3, 1965.

• ¿Cuál es su profesión?

R: American film and television actor.

• ¿De que ha sido acusado a lo largo de su carrera?

R: Alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems as well as allegations of domestic violence.

• ¿Por cuales roles ha sido más conocido dentro del mundo de la actuación?

R: Sheen is known more for his roles on two sitcoms: as Charlie Crawford on Spin City and as Charlie Harper on Two and a Half Men.

Unidad 2.- Estructura de la Oración.

1.-QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

   The concept of quality as we think of it now first emerged out of the Industrial Revolution. Previously goods had been made from start to finish by the same person or team of people, with handcrafting and tweaking the product to meet 'quality criteria'. Mass production brought huge teams of people together to work on specific stages of production where one person would not necessarily complete a product from start to finish. In the late 19th century pioneers such as Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henry Ford recognized the limitations of the methods being used in mass production at the time and the subsequent varying quality of output. Birland established Quality Departments to oversee the quality of production and rectifying of errors, and Ford emphasized standardization of design and component standards to ensure a standard product was produced. Management of quality was the responsibility of the Quality department and was implemented by Inspection of product output to 'catch' defects.

   Application of statistical control came later as a result of World War production methods. Quality management systems are the outgrowth of work done by W. Edwards Deming, a statistician, after whom the Deming Prize for quality is named.

   Quality, as a profession and the managerial process associated with the quality function, was introduced during the second-half of the 20th century, and has evolved since then. Over this period, few other disciplines have seen as many changes as the quality profession.

   The quality profession grew from simple control, to engineering, to systems engineering. Quality control activities were predominant in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. The 1970s were an era of quality engineering and the 1990s saw quality systems as an emerging field. Like medicine, accounting, and engineering, quality has achieved status as a recognized profession.

2.- Texto en Español:

   El concepto de calidad como pensamos ahora apareció por primera vez fuera de la Revolución Industrial. Anteriormente se habían realizado los bienes de principio a fin por la misma persona o equipo de personas, con artesanía y ajustar el producto no cumple "los criterios de calidad". La producción en masa traído grandes equipos de personas para trabajar en etapas específicas de la producción cuando una persona no necesariamente terminar un producto de principio a fin. En los pioneros de finales del siglo 19, tales como Frederick Winslow Taylor y Henry Ford reconoció las limitaciones de los métodos que se utilizan en la producción en masa en el momento y la posterior calidad variable de salida. Birland Departamentos de Calidad establecidos para supervisar la calidad de la producción y reparación de errores, y Ford hizo hincapié en la normalización de estándares de diseño y componentes para asegurar un producto estándar se haya producido. Gestión de la calidad es responsabilidad del departamento de Calidad y se llevó a cabo por la inspección de la producción de un producto a la 'captura' defectos.

   Aplicación de control estadístico que vino después, como resultado de los métodos de producción mundial de Guerra. Sistemas de gestión de la calidad son el resultado del trabajo realizado por W. Edwards Deming, estadístico, de quien el Premio Deming para la calidad se llama.

   La calidad, como una profesión y el proceso de gestión asociadas a la función de calidad, fue presentado durante la segunda mitad del siglo 20, y ha evolucionado desde entonces. Durante este período, algunas otras disciplinas se han visto tantos cambios como la profesión de calidad.

   La profesión de la calidad pasó de un control sencillo, a la ingeniería, la ingeniería de sistemas. Actividades de control de calidad fueron predominantes en los años 1940, 1950 y 1960. La década de 1970 fueron una época de ingeniería de calidad y la década de 1990 vio a los sistemas de calidad como un campo emergente. Como la medicina, la contabilidad y la ingeniería, la calidad ha alcanzado el estatus como una profesión reconocida.

3.- Selección de 3 Oraciones:

3.1.- The concept of quality as we think of it now first emerged out of the Industrial Revolution.

FN: The concept of quality as we think of it now first.

NFN: Quality.

Pre-modificadores: The concept of.

Post-modificadores: As we think of it now first.

FV: Out of the Industrial Revolution.

NFV: Emerged.

Tiempo Verbal: Pasado Simple.

3.2.- The quality profession grew from simple control, to engineering, to systems engineering.

FN: The quality profession.

NFN: Quality.

Pre-modificadores: The.

Post-modificadores: Profession.

FV: From simple control, to engineering, to systems engineering.

NFV: Grew.

Tiempo Verbal: Pasado Simple.

3.3.- Quality management system are the outgrown of work done by W. Edwards Deming, a statistician, after whom the Deming prize for quality is named.

FN: Quality management system.

NFN: System.

Pre-modificadores: Quality management.

Post-modificadores:

FV: the outgrown of work done by W. Edwards Deming, a statistician, after whom the Deming prize for quality is named.

NFV: Are.

Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple.

4.- Ejemplos de Elementos Referenciales:

- Pronombres Demostrativos: That.

- Conectores: if, and, it.